Autophagy is a homeostatic process in the eukaryotic cells which contributes towards degradation
of unwanted cellular constituents, killing of the invading intracellular microbes and generation of cell
mediated immunity (CMI). The professional antigen presenting cells (APCs) like: macrophages and
dendritic cells, present microbial antigens (derived from engulfed and killed microbe) in combination
with MHC-II to generate IFN-γ producing CD4+ Th1 cells. Over the years, inducing IFN-γ+ CD4+ Th1
mediated CMI has remained, predominantly, as the target for developing anti TB vaccine. In individuals,
where Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) bacilli invading the APCs evade induction of autophagy, anti
TB vaccine may not be effective due to lack of presentation of MTB derived antigens to generate and
re-stimulate vaccine generated memory CD4+ Th1 cells. On the other hand, induction of autophagy in
the APCs kills the invading MTB bacilli and may suffi ciently present microbial antigens to generate and
re-stimulate vaccine generated IFN-γ producing CD4+ Th1 memory cells. The re-stimulated memory cells
then differentiate to effector CD4+ Th1 cells to release IFN-γ which further takes part in activation of
antimicrobial activity in APCs thereby leading to protection of the vaccinees and sustaining the vaccine
generated CMI. Keeping all these points in view, a hypothesis has been described here, wherein it has been
suggested that measuring autophagy activation status in combination with prevalence of IFN-γ producing
memory/effector CD4+ Th1 cells against vaccine antigens may prove to be promising biomarkers for
assessing protective effi cacy of anti TB vaccine(s).
Keywords: Tuberculosis; Vaccine; Autophagy; Th1; Immunity Effi cacy
Published on: Mar 21, 2018 Pages: 1-3
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DOI: 10.17352/jvi.000022
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