https://www.healthdisgroup.us/journals/global-journal-of-infectious-diseases-and-clinical-research A Peertechz Open Access Journal en-us 17 Jun, 2025 https://www.healthdisgroup.us/articles/GJIDCR-11-164.php Japanese Encephalitis (JE) is a neurotropic viral infection endemic to Asia, primarily transmitted by Culex mosquitoes. While Central Nervous System &#40;CNS&#41; involvement is well-documented, peripheral nervous system complications such as Acute Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy (AIDP)—a variant of Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS)—remain exceedingly rare. We report the case of a 20-year-old male presenting with altered sensorium, seizures, and progressive limb weakness. Neuroimaging revealed meningoencephalitis with an acute infarct in the left parietal region. Japanese Encephalitis Virus (JEV) IgM antibodies were detected in Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF), confirming the diagnosis. The patient subsequently developed respiratory failure and flaccid quadriparesis. Nerve conduction studies showed demyelinating sensorimotor polyradiculoneuropathy, consistent with AIDP. Despite immunotherapy with Intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIg), neurological recovery was minimal, and the patient remained ventilator-dependent. This case underscores the need for heightened clinical vigilance for atypical peripheral neuropathies in JE patients, as early diagnosis and intervention may alter outcomes. 13 Mar, 2025 https://www.healthdisgroup.us/articles/GJIDCR-11-163.php This paper presents a novel hypothesis connecting Tudor Sweating Sickness (TSS), which caused five major epidemics in England between 1485 and 1551, with modern Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS). Through comprehensive analysis of historical records, epidemiological patterns, and clinical presentations, it is proposed that ME/CFS may represent an evolved form of the pathogen responsible for TSS. This analysis reveals striking similarities in demographic distribution, symptom patterns, and physiological mechanisms, suggesting a potential evolutionary link between these conditions. 14 Nov, 2024 https://www.healthdisgroup.us/articles/GJIDCR-10-162.php Background & objective: Buruli Ulcer (BU) is a human skin infection caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans, an environmental mycobacterium. This pathology is most prevalent in humid tropical regions, particularly near swampy or flood-prone areas. In Pointe-Noire, a coastal city in the Republic of Congo, Buruli ulcer is a health threat requiring ongoing surveillance and awareness-raising efforts to control its spread. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of Buruli ulcers in patients consulting for chronic wounds in Pointe-Noire. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted from June 10, 2023 to September 18, 2024. We recruited 69 patients with chronic wounds consulted at the Adolphe Sicé General Hospital, the Tié Tié Referral Hospital, and the Pointe Noire Operational Sector. Mycobacterium ulcerans was systematically detected using the qPCR technique targeting the M. ulcerans IS 2404 specific insertion element on swab samples. Results: 69 patients with suspected BU were enrolled, with 57% (39) male and 43% (30) female subjects. The mean age was 47.7 ± 18.5, ranging from 6 to 94 years, and the most represented age group was [30-60] (66.7%). The wounds observed in our patients were mainly ulcerative in 94.2% (65) and localized to the lower limbs in 97.1% (67). The overall prevalence of Mycobacterium ulcerans infection was 2.89%. The age group affected was &lt; 15 years, with 01 positive male case and [30-60], with 1 positive female case. Conclusion: The study carried out in Pointe-Noire revealed a Buruli ulcer prevalence of 2.86% among the 69 patients with chronic wounds tested, with 02 positive cases. 13 Aug, 2024 https://www.healthdisgroup.us/articles/GJIDCR-10-161.php When compared to the opposing addresses in this research report, the present investigation revealed significant data (p &lt; 0.05) about dysenteric infection rates in male patients, elderly patients, and rural places. Additionally, the infections with dysenteric agents were demonstrated using GSE and deoxycholate citrate agar media. The hypothesis is positioned beneath the statistical pyramid probability center by more structural research. 09 Aug, 2024 https://www.healthdisgroup.us/articles/GJIDCR-10-160.php A 28-year-old female with a past medical history of Major Depressive Disorder, Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Anorexia Nervosa, Chronic Pain Syndrome, and Gastro-esophageal Reflux presented to our clinic for establishing care in November 2022 with severe gastric dysmotility ever since contracting COVID-19 virus in December 2021. The patient’s symptoms were refractory to Erythromycin and metoclopramide therapy. A GI motility study in February 2022 showed delayed gastric emptying based on which the patient was diagnosed with Post COVID Gastroparesis. Based on an extensive clinical review of the patient’s past medical and surgical history, the patient was found to have cumulative symptoms of GERD, joint instability, abdominal hernia and chronic neuropathic pain, raising the suspicion of Ehler-Danlos syndrome- Hypermobility type. Given the failure of treatment with prokinetic agents and over 60 pounds of weight loss the patient underwent Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy-Jejunostomy in August 2022, the patient was started on Organic Tube Feeding Formula. To this date, the patient is using the PEG-J for feeding and remains nil per oral. Multiple trials of reintroducing oral feeding have been attempted but the patient still is unable to tolerate oral feeds completely and continues to complain of early satiety, nausea, and vomiting on reintroducing feeds. 23 Jul, 2024 https://www.healthdisgroup.us/articles/GJIDCR-10-159.php In retrospect, as if looking into a rearview mirror, the COVID-19 pandemic came with a lot of challenges to business processes, where workplaces had to reinvent themselves to remain afloat. This has been particularly the case with universities, where embracing online teaching and learning was precipitated, usually without enough know-how in ODL. The Botswana Open University took steps to reposition itself to ensure a smooth running of all its processes, thus managing the COVID-19 risks and challenges adequately. This has come as an opportunity for BOU, which operates through the ODL methodology. However, the institution had to take conscious steps to circumvent the challenges posed by the pandemic. The management proactively put in place a versatile task team that led the response and adaptation of the university to COVID-19. Indeed, BOU’s level of success during these uncertain times has been admirable, given that the advent of the pandemic coincided with BOU’s strength as an ODL tertiary institution. Numerous other lessons have also been learned, calling for, among other necessities, moving together with supervisees, looking into the future, and being prepared for emergencies. Thus, looking back at the time concerning the pandemic, the experience emanating from it points to many successes and many lessons to be learned and these have been expanded in this work. 29 Aug, 2023 https://www.healthdisgroup.us/articles/GJIDCR-9-158.php For effectively fighting worldwide infectious diseases such as cutaneous leishmaniasis, novel approaches are required. Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) is one such possibility. PDT involves applying a light-sensitive chemical (photosensitizer), which should be highly efficient, non-toxic, and work at longer light wavelengths. This photosensitizer needs to be activated by a light source that provides uniform emission over a large area, high intensity, easy to fabricate, compact, and low cost. In this work, we designed and built light sources based upon commercially available Organic Light Emitting Diode (OLED) and LED parts to experimentally validate the combination with methylene blue photosensitizer to kill Leishmania major and Crithidia fasciculata cells in vitro. Our results showed that suitable-sized OLEDs, as compact and uniform light sources, are very good candidates for photodynamic therapy and can be used to efficiently kill such kinetoplastids in vitro. Therefore, it has real potential to be used in wearable devices for ambulatory treatment of patients. 29 Aug, 2023 https://www.healthdisgroup.us/articles/GJIDCR-9-157.php Introduction: The utility of serial scoring systems in identifying distinct sepsis phenotypes remains unknown. Methods: Eligible adults were classified into culture-positive (Cx+) and culture-negative (Cx-) groups alongside pre-defined culture subgroups. Average SIRS & SEP (novel scoring system) scores were calculated at t = 0 and hours 3,6,12 & 24 before and after t = 0. The primary outcome was a difference in SIRS/SEP scores amongst those that were Cx+ or Cx- at any time point. Secondary outcomes were comparing total and component SIRS/SEP scores in microbiologic subgroups over serial time points. Results: 4,701 Cx+ and 3254 Cx- patients met eligibility criteria. Statistically significant differences were seen in the average SIRS score between Cx + and Cx- groups at hours six (Cx+ 1.40+1.04 vs Cx- 1.35+1.01) & 12 (Cx+ 0.95+0.95 vs Cx- 0.90+0.90) after t = 0. The hematologic, urologic, and neurologic subgroups had significant differences at numerous time points before and after T = 0. Similar findings were observed with the SEP scores. Cx+ and Cx- groups (including subgroups) consistently doubled both SIRS/SEP scores before t = 0 with an eventual return to baseline values after T = 0 but at different gradients. Conclusion: Significant differences in SIRS/SEP scores were seen in Cx+ & Cx- patients at sequential time points. This microbiologic approach in homogenous culture cohorts has the potential to identify distinct phenotypes of sepsis efficiently and practically. Consistent increases in SIRS/SEP scores before t = 0 and sequential decreases after t = 0 may allow for early detection, intervention, and provision for real-time monitoring of therapeutic responses in patients with concerns for sepsis. 06 May, 2023 https://www.healthdisgroup.us/articles/GJIDCR-9-156.php Mycoplasma pneumoniae (M. pneumoniae) is a common atypical pathogen in humans, causing community-acquired pneumonia. Isolated Mycoplasma pneumoniae cases are commonly seen in the community, but an extrapulmonary manifestation like severe mucositis without skin lesions is rarely seen. The Mycoplasma-Induced Rash and Mucositis (MIRM) or Mycoplasma Pneumoniae-Associated Mucositis (MPAM) is a severe manifestation of an atypical organism. Still, morbidity and mortality are less than Mycoplasma-Associated Steven Johnson’s Syndrome (MASJS) and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (TEN). We reported a case of a young adult admitted with pneumonia and rapidly developed severe mucositis without skin manifestations, which has increased his morbidity and recovery time. 15 Mar, 2023 https://www.healthdisgroup.us/articles/GJIDCR-9-155.php We report a case of a 58-year-old male who presented with high grade fever of 45 days duration. He had presented with a dry cough and right ear pain. His initial clinical evaluation and diagnostic tests were unremarkable. During the hospital stay, he developed palpitation for which tests for thyroid functions were done which revealed subacute thyroiditis. He recovered fully with the treatment. Subacute thyroiditis is one of the rarely mentioned causes of Pyrexia of Unknown origin. A high index of suspicion and appropriate imaging is required for early diagnosis and management. 25 Feb, 2023 https://www.healthdisgroup.us/articles/GJIDCR-9-154.php Pathogenic microorganisms and viruses are components of ecosystems. They have constructed endemic interrelationships with specific host species throughout the history of coevolution The spillover of pathogens from natural habitats into other areas causes encounters between the pathogens and new hosts that have never evolved immunity or resistance. The result is a rapid spread of “Emerging Infectious Disease” (EID). During the acceleration of globalization, humans and societies have come to be the targets of infectious diseases caused by pathogens that have emerged from natural habitats. In the past few years, the newest EID, SARS-CoV-2, has spread throughout the world and has caused serious harm to human health and welfare. With the growing social concern about the risks of the EID pandemic, there has been discussion that the destruction of biodiversity and environmental changes are closely related to the EID pandemic. There is a need to rethink the importance of conserving biodiversity if humans are to control the risk of pathogenic viruses and live in harmony with them. 01 Dec, 2022 https://www.healthdisgroup.us/articles/GJIDCR-8-153.php Background: Low sleep quality and sleep disturbances are reported to be higher during the COVID-19 pandemic period. This study aimed to evaluate the sleep quality of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 and the factors that affect their sleep quality. Materials and methods: Patients with COVID-19 who were hospitalized at the pandemic clinic of a University Training and Training Hospital between 15 May-15 September 2020 were included. The study included 150 patients who agreed to participate in the study, who were hospitalized in the COVID-19 clinics in a Training and Research Hospital. Adult patients over the age of 18 who had been accepted to participate in were enrolled in the study. The patients who had any diagnosed sleep-related disorders or neurological and psychiatric diseases were excluded. Data were collected using the Personal Information Form, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Results: The patient’s PSQI score average was significantly higher in females, illiterate, married, and individuals with the first three days of diagnosis of disease. During their 75.2% hospitalization time, sleep patterns deteriorated and 90.0% of those patients also deteriorated 1-3 days after hospitalization. Given the conditions that caused sleep disorders during the time hospitalized, there were causes such as respiratory distress (41.3%), hospital environment (36.1%) and pain (32.0%). The requirements that patients need most to improve their sleep quality during the hospital period may be said to be good management of disease symptoms (36.4%), increased social support systems (33.3%), and communication with health staff (20.0%). Conclusion: For sleep disorders in hospitalized patients with a positive (+) diagnosis of COVID-19, it can be said that 71.3% of the patients have poor sleep quality. 13 Aug, 2022 https://www.healthdisgroup.us/articles/GJIDCR-8-152.php Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare and potentially life-threatening syndrome related to a dysregulation of cytolytic function of Natural Killer (NK) cells and cytotoxic T cells (CTLs), which in turns leads to an inappropriate immune stimulation and hyperinflammatory state, resulting in hypercytokinemia, accumulation of activated lymphocytes and macrophages [1,2]. 13 Jul, 2022 https://www.healthdisgroup.us/articles/GJIDCR-8-151.php Toxins are substances that burden the body and can lead to disease. They either originate from the body’s metabolism or were supplied from outside. The organism is forced to transport these substances out if it wants to maintain its integrity. There are many ways to do this that we are rarely aware of. These will be pointed out. It is of great importance that we do not suppress them, but activate them. The know-how necessary for this should be known by every person. 01 Mar, 2022 https://www.healthdisgroup.us/articles/GJIDCR-8-150.php Background: COVID-19 was the devastating worldwide public health problem in recent years. COVID19 disease affecting large populations in different continents of the world starting on 11 March 2020. This study will be useful to give information on geographical surveillance of COVID-19 in Ethiopia, to know regions of high or low rates of COVID 19, to give evidence as baseline data for future research on COVID-19 in Ethiopia, and to predict the prevalence of COVID-19 from the untested population in different regions of Ethiopia using the art geospatial techniques. Methods: We have used secondary data collected from March 13, 2020, to November 23/ 2021 From COVID19 – Ethiopia - Ethiopian Health Data. ArcGIS 10.3 and SaTscan software were used for spatial analysis and geographical analysis respectively. Results: A high prevalence of COVID-19 was found in Addis Ababa (67.36%) and Oromia (13.85%). Spatial autocorrelation analysis indicated that the spatial distribution of COVID-19 is nonrandom (Moran’s Index: 0.134297, P-value: 0.052384). In spatial scan statistical analysis, eight clusters were identified and the higher rates of COVID-19 were observed in the Afar (RR= 1.80, p&lt;0.001) and Addis Ababa (RR= 50.33, p&lt;0.001) regions. Conclusion: The spatial distribution of COVID-19 cases in Ethiopia was not random. Hot spot research revealed a significant prevalence of COVID-19 patients in the Addis Ababa, Dire Dawa, Harari, and Oromia regions. For the reduction of COVID-19 infections in Ethiopia, preventative and control activities should be extended to high-risk locations. 08 Dec, 2021 https://www.healthdisgroup.us/articles/GJIDCR-7-149.php With the objectives of determining the association between risk factors and Dengue Fever (DF), a case-control study with a random sample size of 102:102 in each was conducted at Hetauda and Kamalamai Municipalities, Nepal. The hypothesis of risk factors for DF like low level of knowledge about DF, discarded receptacles, old tires, containers, etc. nearby house, and use of stagnant AC/Coolers was used to conduct the study. Traveling to DF affected areas nearly 2 weeks before the onset of disease was significantly associated with dengue fever (OR= 6.10, 95% cl: 1.31-28.34, p&lt;0.021). Waste disposal of old containers, receptacles, tires during the rainy season were significantly associated with the incidence of DF (AOR= 6.308, 96% cl: 2-751-14.462, p&lt;0.000). The frequency of DF was associated with the middle social class level (p&lt;0.05, d. f. 2). Uncovered water tanks of the household were significantly associated with DF (AOR= 3.78, 95% cl: 1.51-9.45, p&lt;0.0043). As the number of families increases in the household, the number of cases increases with a positive correlation (r = +0.62). Crowded households with more than 2 occupants in one room were at risk of dengue infection. The study concluded that DF was associated with the risk factors of traveling to endemic areas, discarded waste containers, receptacles, tires, and uncovered water tanks, middle social class, and crowded households. Public health managers should prioritize these risk factors while planning for DF control and prevention. 18 Nov, 2021 https://www.healthdisgroup.us/articles/GJIDCR-7-148.php Objectives: Comparison between patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) with ventilatory support during the first and second wave (Gamma variant) of COVID 19 in a tertiary hospital in the City of Buenos Aires. Design: Descriptive, observational, prospective cohort study. Setting: ICU of an acute general hospital in Argentina. Patients: Adult patients with COVID-19 admitted consecutively to the ICU. Intervention: Admission to ICU. Main variables of interest: Demographic and laboratory data, history, duration of MV, mortality. Results: 44 patients were recruited during the first wave, and 80 in the second. Significant differences were observed in the second wave for age (60, [SD 11]; vs 68 [SD 11]; p &lt;0.01), days with symptoms (9 [SD 5]; vs 4.5 [SD 3]; p &lt;0.01), duration of MV (10 days [SD 7]; vs 16 [SD 13]; p &lt;0.01), Ferritin (1450 mcg / l [SD 547]; vs 941 mcg / l [ SD 593]; p 0.04) and use of antibiotics (97% vs 45% p &lt;0.01). There was no difference in mortality (66% vs 78% p 0.14) but there was in its primary causes; being more frequent hypoxemia associated with sepsis in the second wave (40% vs 3.4% p &lt;0.01) and hypoxemia and multiorgan failure in the first (28% vs 4% p &lt;0.01). Conclusions: During the second wave of the pandemic, due to Gamma variant, more patients were admitted to our unit, younger, with a longer evolution time, a shorter time on MV and a greater inflammatory response, with no difference in mortality, although there was a difference in its causes. 21 Sep, 2021 https://www.healthdisgroup.us/articles/GJIDCR-7-147.php The tobacco epidemic is one of the biggest public health warnings in the world, and 8 million people die every year due to smoking, of which 7 million die due to direct smoking and 2.1 million due to exposure to secondhand smoke [1]. Hookah is a common and traditional way of smoking, which unfortunately has now become a fun and entertaining method, especially among teenagers, in today›s societies, especially in the Middle East. Smoking hookah at an early age and increasing its popularity among adolescents is a concern and an alarm [2]. 19 Aug, 2021 https://www.healthdisgroup.us/articles/GJIDCR-7-146.php Nanomaterials in drug delivery systems are emerging as a potential source of treatments. The bioavailability of nano-carriers depends upon various factors including their mode of administration, target specificity, availability of active compound and compatibility with biological system. Due to ingenious survival strategies many antibiotics become ineffective in the treatment of Staphylococcus spp. causing diseases. Though, nanosystems have been developed as an emerging approach to vanquish the obstacles for the treatment of Staphylococcus spp infections. Due to their encouraging and substantial outcomes, this review focused on the exploration of advances in nanosystems and their curing mechanism to control the infection of Staphylococcus spp. Several nanosystems are previously reported and compiled herein, which may use as a treatment of Staphylococcus causing diseases as well as inhibition of biofilm formation. Pathogenesis mechanisms such as immune clearance, membrane permeability and production of β-lactamase also described briefly in this review. 29 Jun, 2021 https://www.healthdisgroup.us/articles/GJIDCR-7-145.php Background: The COVID-19 vaccine pandemic is expected to control the pandemic. The vaccine acceptance in Africa is yet unknown. This survey was conducted to explore attitudes of healthcare workers towards COVID-19 vaccine and predictors of negative attitude. Materials and methods: A cross sectional online survey was performed among 1110 healthcare workers to understand COVID-19 vaccine acceptability, encouragement of patients to take COVID-19 vaccine, encouragement of family members to take COVID-19 vaccine, and fears/concerns about COVID-19 vaccine. COVID-19 vaccine acceptance was compared across demographic variables and COVID-19 vaccine attitudes. Results: The response rate was 60.2%. Out of the 668 respondents, substantial majority were physicians 49.4% and nurses 32.9 %. The vaccine acceptance rate was 72.2% (482/668). Only about 64 % reported that they would encourage their patients or families to get vaccinated. Those who reported they would accept the vaccination were highly likely to encourage their family members to be vaccinated (OR 58.13, 95 % CI 9.7 – 348.32, P 0.001) over those who reported they would not encourage their family to be vaccinated. Majority (77%) had one or more fears/concerns about the COVID-19 vaccine. Among the fears/concerns were vaccine adverse reaction, effectiveness of the vaccine, vaccine was made too fast to be safe, and COVID-19 from the vaccine. Conclusion: The high vaccine hesitancy rate (27.8%) among healthcare workers in Ethiopia is genuinely concerning. Healthcare workers are the main source of health-related information for their communities. Thus, we need to equip them with the most accurate and credible knowledge to increase COVID-19 acceptance in Ethiopia. 27 Apr, 2021 https://www.healthdisgroup.us/articles/GJIDCR-7-144.php Vulvovaginal Candidiasis (VVC) is caused by the overgrowth of yeasts, mainly Candida albicans. Their prevalence is consequent on some known environmental and human behaviors including; intercourse frequency, menstrual protection methods, direction of vaginal wiping after sex, toilet type, toilet paper used, recent antibiotic use, underwear fabric, tight clothing and birth control methods. These behaviors are often neglected. The current study examines these factors and their relationship with Vulvovaginal Candidiasis (VVC) among Single and Married Women attending Heritage Polytechnic Health Centre, Eket. The prevalence of VVC was 63.3% with occurrence rate of VVC among married, single, pregnant and 20-34 age group, as 31.9%, 31.4%, 40.4% and 53.1%, respectively. The occurrence of VVC was positively associated with menstrual protection methods, direction of vaginal wiping after sex, toilet type, toilet paper used, recent antibiotic use, underwear fabric, birth control methods and tight clothing. There was no significant association between VVC and intercourse frequency among singles. Risk factor like toilet users, had no association with VVC among singles but had some level of association (p&lt;0.05) among the married. In conclusion, the high prevalence of vaginal candidiasis among women with genital infections shows there is a need for training of health laboratory workers in antenatal, STD, outpatient and family planning clinics on pH determination in order to improve the early detection of an alteration around the vaginal environment which may lead to VVC. 20 Apr, 2021 https://www.healthdisgroup.us/articles/GJIDCR-7-143.php Objective: To explore the relationship between the total number of white blood cells and the ratio of neutrophils to lymphocytes in the blood of hand-foot-mouth disease (EV71) and the condition of the disease, and to explore the relationship between the dynamic changes of blood samples above the early severe cases and the trend of prognosis. Methods: 216 outpatient and hospitalized cases according to the condition can be divided into: (I group) in critical group of 17 cases, (II group) early intensive group 167 cases, 32 cases (III group) ordinary group. Age, course of disease, total number of white blood cells and neutrophil ratio were compared. According to the dynamic changes of the above blood images, the patients in the early severe group were further divided into: group A, 49 patients in the group with increased ratio of white blood cells and neutrophils. In group B, the ratio of leukocyte to lymphocyte was increased in 53 patients. In group C, there were 67 cases of leukocyte decrease and lymphocyte ratio increase. Results: (1) statistical analysis of various indicators including age, course of disease, total number of white blood cells and neutrophil ratio of patients with different disease conditions: there was no statistically significant difference in disease course between the groups (F=1.38 P>0.05), while there were statistically significant differences among the groups in age, total number of white blood cells and neutrophil ratio (F value: 4.9, 14.15, 25.98, respectively). P &lt; 0.01). (2) in group A, 4 of the 49 cases developed into critically ill patients, and the conversion rate of critically ill patients was 8.16%; in group B and group C, the conversion rate of critically ill patients was 0; in group A, the conversion rate of critically ill patients was statistically significant compared with the other two groups (P&lt;0.01). Conclusion: HFMD (EV71) is related to the total number of white blood cells and the ratio of neutrophils. The changes of the dynamic ratio of leukocytes and neutrophils to lymphocytes have clinical significance for the trend of prognosis. 15 Apr, 2021 https://www.healthdisgroup.us/articles/GJIDCR-7-142.php Schistosomiasis, a chronic parasitic disease, is highly endemic in Nigeria and causes severe morbidity among school children in many poor-resource communities in the country. We investigated the factors that promote schistosomiasis infection in rural hyper-endemic communities of two LGAs in Ondo State, South West Nigeria. Data were collected through a household survey, focus group discussions, indepth interviews, key informant interviews among different categories of stakeholders in schistosomiasis control that include community adult members, school pupils, health workers and disease control officers. The quantitative and qualitative data were analysed using the Epi Info (version 6.04a) and Textbase Beta software respectively. A large number (71.1%) of respondents described schistosomiasis as a prevalent infection in their communities and 34.6% reported having a member of their households who was infected with schistosomiasis. The LGA of residence of the respondents significantly influenced the respondents’ perception of the seriousness of the consequences of the disease as more respondents in Ile-Oluji/Oke Igbo LGA perceived it to be a very serious health problem than those in Ifedore LGA [27.8% Ile-Oluji/Oke Igbo LGA vs. 5.9% Ifedore LGA] (p&lt;0.05). The results show that communities in the LGAs are endemic of schistosomiasis mainly because the people have little or no access to safe potable water thereby increasing their rate of contact with natural flowing streams, ponds and or rivers which are or may be infested with susceptible snail intermediate hosts for domestic and occupational activities as about 52% of respondents admitted going to the stream/river. Other factors the study revealed to aid the prevalence of schistosomiasis in the communities is lack of political will and commitment to effective schistosomiasis control and eradication by the government. There was also evidence of community involvement and participation in schistosomiasis control in only one of the four communities studied. To eliminate schistosomiasis in the communities, efforts need to be made and sustained by the government at all levels to ensure increased political will with more community involvement and participation to achieve effective schistosomiasis control. 23 Feb, 2021 https://www.healthdisgroup.us/articles/GJIDCR-7-141.php Background: The Indian Association for the prevention and control of rabies estimates that 80, 00, 000 individuals receive the treatment for dog bites each year. The matter with dog rabies in India is that dogs are asymptomatic in each human establishment. The dog population is calculable to be about 25 million; most of them are ownerless and non-vaccinated against rabies. The purpose of the study was to see the attitude of dog bite victims towards rabies. Methods: The present study was carried in Srinagar district. Regarding the attitude of people, an interview schedule was formulated. Results: With regards to all dogs are dangerous the majority, 82.50% agreed. When asked about stray dogs are vicious the majority, 82.50% agreed. Only 17.50% agreed that dogs bark when they are frightened. About attack for no reason, the majority 92.50% agreed. About roaming of stray dogs unless they cause problems in human society, just 17.50% agreed. The majority 92.50% didn’t agreed about the person provoking the dog for an attack. Whilst 100% highlighted that stray dogs are a problem in Kashmir. When asked about the population of stray dogs 100% agreed that there are too many dogs in Srinagar. Conclusion: The attitude of the victimized people was positive. The majority, of respondents, alleged that stray dogs are a community vigour hitch within Srinagar. The outlook of respondents about not allotting stray dogs to meander copiously, appearing for medicinal consideration if bitten by a dog is shimmering proletariats concern in the control of rabies. 09 Feb, 2021 https://www.healthdisgroup.us/articles/GJIDCR-7-140.php Health crisis management is becoming increasingly important worldwide, as evident by the most recent COVID-19 pandemic. To identify priority Research and Development (R&D) areas for health crisis management, an expert questionnaire survey using an online, two-round Delphi technique was conducted in Japan in 2019. The analysis results revealed that the top 3 R&D topics that experts considered important were related to infectious disease control, such as a control system for drug-resistant infections, ultra-small sensor, and drug development using alternatives to animal models. It was also revealed that not only biomedical approaches but also R&D in collaboration with IT and social science are considered important by experts. The results of this study might support developing a R&D strategy for health crisis management not only in Japan but also other countries. 04 Feb, 2021 https://www.healthdisgroup.us/articles/GJIDCR-7-139.php This exploratory qualitative research is focused on perception of Community-Based Health Insurance Scheme (CBHIS) for the successful implementation, sustainability and effective operations of the scheme from the viewpoint of the target populations, preparatory to its rolling out in Abeokuta North and Ijebu Ode LGAs of Ogun State, Nigeria. The study was conducted through in-depth interviews and Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) with community members, community leaders, opinion leaders and Board of Trustees (BoT) members in the communities. Poor understanding of the concepts of CBHIS principles with little sense of community control and ownership of the scheme were largely demonstrated in the communities studied. Factors critical for their patronage of the scheme were identified as infrastructural improvement at the designated CBHIS health facilities, accountability and transparency in management of the scheme, availability of adequate number of the various cadres of health workers and availability of essential drugs. Other critical issues such as community acceptability and willingness to pay for CBHIS, and perceived ways of effectively operating the scheme were captured in the study. The study provides useful policy lessons with insights for improved planning and implementation of the scheme and also highlights the need to take cognizance of potential enrollees’ expectations in its planning and execution to increase patronage and guarantee sustainability. 22 Dec, 2020 https://www.healthdisgroup.us/articles/GJIDCR-6-138.php The spread of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has caused a global pandemic. Exiting agents that act on proteins including 3-chymotrypsin-like protease (3CLpro), papain-like protease (PLpro), helicase, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), spike glycoprotein (S protein), and others in similar viruses [1,2] are likely used as antiviral drugs against the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). Data on Chemical Abstract Service show that the potential drug candidates against 3CLpro and RdRp are more than those against other targets [2]. 22 Dec, 2020 https://www.healthdisgroup.us/articles/GJIDCR-6-137.php The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is one of the G20 nations and its global influence is arguably undisputed. The country hosts millions of expatriate residents whose mobility has been affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Although some countries in Asia, Americas, and Europe do not show signs of recuperation or going through a second wave of the disease, Saudi Arabia has been reporting a decline of the infection. The country is starting to open up its borders for exceptional situations, special cases and trade purposes. It is expected that all travelers will be allowed back and forth normally in Saudi Arabia by early next year, including all those visitors for religious purposes and for tourism. 29 Jul, 2020 https://www.healthdisgroup.us/articles/GJIDCR-6-136.php Introduction: Many herbs and natural food materials have been historically recognized as an effective that can establish a balanced inflammatory response and promoting healthy immune response as well as have antibacterial and viral effects. The clinical use of some medications can cause serious side effects. We proposed that natural ingredients could serve as food supplement, immune tonic and antibacterial & viral which a better prophylactic and therapeutic approach against COVID-19 and others infections. Case presentation: A 52-years-old Yemeni female normal healthy volunteer for taken Immutonic capsule three times after meal daily for one week. She was free from significant cardiac, hepatic, renal, pulmonary, gastrointestinal, neurological or hematological disease as determined by way of medical histories, physical examinations. Blood CD4 T-Lymphocytes cells was tested before and after taken IMMUTONIC capsule. The results show that Immutonic capsule increased CD4 T-Lymphocytes cells count from 49.7% to 61.4% of total white blood cells which was 4.1x103/UL and 4.0x103/UL respectively. Conclusion: The present case indicated that Immutonic capsule boosting and enhancing immune system which can be used as better prophylactic, boosting immunity and therapeutic against COVID-19 and others infections. 29 Jul, 2020 https://www.healthdisgroup.us/articles/GJIDCR-6-135.php Vietnam announced the elimination of malaria in 25 provinces in 2019 and and advance to eliminate malaria nationwide by 2030. Quick, accurate diagnosis and prompt treatment play a very important role in malaria eradication strategies. In this study, we developed the LAMP technique to detect Plasmodium spp., P. falciparum, P. vivax from different kinds of sample such as whole blood, dried blood spot, etc. The advantages of this method included high specificity, fast detection time, and simple equipment use. Primer set was designed for founding on 18S rRNA gene. A positive reaction was visualised with the naked eye, using the color indicator, Malachite Green. 29 Jun, 2020 https://www.healthdisgroup.us/articles/GJIDCR-6-134.php Background: Currently, Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) was reported in more than 204 countries. As of April 10, 2020, a total of 1,605,729 confirmed cases and 95,766 deaths had been reported worldwide. There are no approved specific antiviral agents targeting the novel virus. Convalescent plasma transfusion might be effective against the infection. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has also approved the emergency use of investigational COVID-19 convalescent plasma to treat severely ill COVID-19 patients. 08 Jun, 2020 https://www.healthdisgroup.us/articles/GJIDCR-6-133.php Trypanosomiasis is numbered among the list of seventeen transmissible diseases and is associated with poor socio-economic status. Trypanosomiasis is referred to as a neglected tropical disease (NTDs) by the World Health Organization, due to its limited diagnostic and treatment development, with yet poor control measures. Three diseases of parasitic origin emanate due to genetically connected protozoa, trypanosomatid and kinetoplastida. They are the basis of many public health challenges in the less developed world and include American Trypanosomiasis (Chagas disease), Human African Trypanosomiasis and Leishmaniasis. This review emphasizes Trypanosomiasis in general, the lifecycle, biochemistry of parasite infection, disease treatment and management. Prevention options, the biochemistry of drug resistance and novel treatment of disease are among subjects considered. 05 Jun, 2020 https://www.healthdisgroup.us/articles/GJIDCR-6-132.php Background: Paediatric Tuberculosis (TB) is a significant health problem worldwide, with the World Health Organization (WHO) reporting almost 550,000 children infected with TB yearly. Several factors have affected the TB infection rate in Saudi Arabia, including Hajj and Umrah (Islamic pilgrimages to Mecca), travel, global migration, indigence, inaccessible healthcare services and drug resistance. Objectives: This retrospective study aimed to describe the patterns of pulmonary TB (PTB) and tuberculous meningitis (TBM) among children admitted to the Paediatric Department at King Abdul-Aziz University Hospital (KAUH) in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, between January 2010 and May 2015. Methods: The patients’ clinical information was retrieved retrospectively from the hospital TB register and case notes, including the age, gender, clinical features, investigations, treatments and prognosis. 05 Jun, 2020 https://www.healthdisgroup.us/articles/GJIDCR-6-131.php COVID-19, a respiratory illness caused by a novel coronavirus, spread globally and emerged more than 6 million people by the beginning of June 2020. 21 May, 2020 https://www.healthdisgroup.us/articles/GJIDCR-6-130.php Several hundred thousand women in Bangladesh terminate their pregnancy either by menstrual regulation (MR) or through abortion. Government policy does not recognize abortion; 20 May, 2020 https://www.healthdisgroup.us/articles/GJIDCR-6-129.php The Novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has caused a massive global outbreak, presenting a significant public health emergency and international concern. 18 May, 2020 https://www.healthdisgroup.us/articles/GJIDCR-6-128.php In April 2020, a novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak originating in Wuhan, China, began spreading worldwide. There are currently more than two million cases. The World Health Organization has declared the viral spread to be a pandemic. The virus is transmitted between humans via droplets in the air and contaminated surfaces. After 2–14 days of incubation time, mild to severe symptoms occur, sometimes resulting in death. Key strategies for managing the pandemic are early detection, quarantine, and treatment. Many drugs or drug combinations like Hydroxychloroquine/Azithromycin or antiviruses like Remdesivir, which were originally designed to treat the Ebola virus, have been screened clinically to treat COVID-19 patients. Vaccines are likewise being developed by biotechnology companies and universities. We report in this paper how technology, and geographic information tools, can be used to control the pandemic in African settings. Different thematic such as flights tracking, electronic surveillance using web mass tools, temperature detectors, and telemedicine but also issues are developed. 07 May, 2020 https://www.healthdisgroup.us/articles/GJIDCR-6-127.php The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is spreading rapidly. 29 Apr, 2020 https://www.healthdisgroup.us/articles/GJIDCR-6-126.php COVID 19: Coronavirus Disease 2019; WHO: World Health Organization; CoV: Coronavirus; R2 value: Coefficient of Determination Value; HIV: Human Immunodeficiency Virus; DNA: Deoxyribonucleic Acid; RNA: Ribonucleic Acid; 2019-nCoV: 2019 novel Coronavirus; Tat: Transactivator of Transcription; SARS: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, H0: null Hypothesis; H1: Alternate Hypothesis 28 Feb, 2020 https://www.healthdisgroup.us/articles/GJIDCR-6-125.php A 75-year-old male patient came to the emergency department, referring high fever with nocturnal predominance and profuse sweating. He also referred asthenia, anorexia, and weight loss of 20kg in the past month, with onset after prostatectomy due to a benign prostatic hyperplasia. He had a previous history of chronic lymphocytic leukemia and type 2 Diabetes mellitus. 27 Aug, 2019 https://www.healthdisgroup.us/articles/GJIDCR-5-124.php Brucellosis is worldwide and affects human, cattle health and international trade. Human Brucella seroprevalence in Ugandan communities is not well known since most of the health centers are not able to screen for brucellosis. The study presumptively determined: seroprevalence, identifi ed risk factors associated with Brucella infection in cattle keeping household members and within their herds in Kyangyenyi sub county, Sheema district, South Western region of Uganda. 06 Jun, 2019 https://www.healthdisgroup.us/articles/GJIDCR-5-123.php Background: The threat of pandemic A/H1N1 influenza is still a matter of considerable public concern. Influenza outbreak in 2009 underlined the importance of rapid production of a sufficient vaccine reserve for pandemic and interpandemic periods. One promising way to allay this concern is development of cell culture-derived live attenuated influenza vaccines (LAIV), because this technology makes it possible to produce a considerable amount of vaccine over a short period of time. 31 May, 2019 https://www.healthdisgroup.us/articles/GJIDCR-5-122.php Dengue is one of the most common arbovirus infection worldwide, which is a vector borne disease caused by the bite of Ades Aegypti mosquito. Symptoms of the infected individuals have a very broad range of presentation having similarities with other infections like malaria and influenza like illness etc. It is a retrospective study conducted at a centre in north Karnataka with the sampling method of quota or sequential sampling with inclusion of 121 cases all seropositive for dengue antigen or antibodies or both in the monsoon season from july 2018 till November 2018. The complete blood picture and liver enzymes like SGPT and SGOT were assessed during the period of the infected individuals. Leucopoenia is taken below 4000 cells/cumm, thrombocytopenia is taken below 100000 per cumm and liver enzymes were evaluated and graded as per the CTCAE guidelines version 4.0. The two tailed T Test was used to determine the significant change in the SGOT and SGPT liver enzymes. 19 Mar, 2019 https://www.healthdisgroup.us/articles/GJIDCR-5-121.php The effects of malaria on some haematological and biochemical parameters among males, pregnant and non-pregnant female patients attending district hospitals in Bida and Kagara areas of Niger State, Nigeria was investigated. The subjects were volunteers confirmed to be positive for malaria and without other clinical symptoms. A total of 231 patients (103 males and 128 females) within the age range of 1-50 years were studied. Fifty (20 males and 30 females) apparently healthy individuals in the similar age bracket were used as controls. Haematological and biochemical parameters were analyzed using standard methods. Overall, the reduction in haemoglobin concentration and packed cell volume (PCV) in patients were significantly higher/lower from non-infected patients (p>0.05), while there was no significant differences observed in the male patients. The mean cell haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) (36.03 ± 1.29g/dl) in pregnant subjects was significantly higher (p<0>0.05) increase existed in serum lipid levels among pregnant and non-pregnant women. 19 Dec, 2018 https://www.healthdisgroup.us/articles/GJIDCR-4-120.php Especially in recent years, important population mobility occurs worldwide, including refugee crisis affecting especially Middle East and Europe. Consequently, like other infectious diseases have significance for public health, leishmaniasis is spreading globally. 350 million people in 88 countries, mostly in developing areas, are at risk of leishmaniasis. The diseases may be seen in three clinical forms as cutaneous, mucocutaneous, or visceral caused by about 20 different species of Leishmania parasite. The parasitological diagnosis is made by microscopic examination, cultivation, PCR and serological methods. There is currently no available vaccine for this infection. Pentavalent antimonials are the first line therapeutic choice, whereas amphotericin B, pentamidine, miltefosine, and paromomycin are alternative drugs. 11 Dec, 2018 https://www.healthdisgroup.us/articles/GJIDCR-4-119.php The recent emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) or extremely drug-resistant (XDR) Gram-negative bacteria has renewed interest in colistin (Polymyxins, a family of cationic polypeptide antibiotics) as a last-resort in the treatment of severe bacterial infections [1,2], despite being a drug with potential serious adverse events (mainly high risk of nephrotoxicity) [3,4]. Acquired resistance to polymyxins is generally associated with chromosomal mutations [5,6]. 28 Aug, 2018 https://www.healthdisgroup.us/articles/GJIDCR-4-118.php Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) are main reasons for the development of liver cirrhosis (LC) on a worldwide scale. Chronic HBV infection is a main reason for the development of LC in high-risk areas, for example, China and Africa, whereas chronic HCV infection is a main reason in developed countries. In China, the harm of LC is serious, and 30 million of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients is the major source of LC and the one-year cumulative incidence rate of LC in CHB patients was 2.1% - 6%. The risk factors of the development of LC in CHB patients reported were controversial. 21 Mar, 2018 https://www.healthdisgroup.us/articles/GJIDCR-4-117.php 2018 is a year to remember as we passed 100 years from the most catastrophic event in recorded history: the 1918 influenza pandemic. After that, we encountered three more influenza pandemics in 1957, 1968 and 2009. In 2018, Influenza season has been worse than recent previous seasons. Influenza activity in this year is comparable to 2009 H1N1 pandemic taking a terrible toll. 21 Nov, 2017 https://www.healthdisgroup.us/articles/GJIDCR-3-116.php An epidemiological review of toxocariasis aimed to underpin its prevalence, proclivity and prognosis was undertaken. 21 Nov, 2017 https://www.healthdisgroup.us/articles/GJIDCR-3-115.php Objectives: 1) Describe the arthroscopic image of infected osteoarthritis of knee; 2) Evaluate the result of arthroscopic treatment for infected osteoarthritis of knee 30 Oct, 2017 https://www.healthdisgroup.us/articles/GJIDCR-3-114.php Corynebacterium diphtheriae is Gram-positive bacteria responsible for causing diphtheria in human and once regarded for high mortalities worldwide. 09 Sep, 2017 https://www.healthdisgroup.us/articles/GJIDCR-3-113.php A retrospective case-series study was carried out on 21 patients undergoing postoperative infection following a hip replacement at Vietnam – Germany University Hospital from January 2013 to September 2016. 11 Jul, 2017 https://www.healthdisgroup.us/articles/GJIDCR-3-112.php Trichinellosis is an important food borne parasitic zoonosis caused by nematodes in the world. From 1967 to 2013, six outbreaks of trichinellosis have been documented in four mountainous provinces of North Vietnam. 13 May, 2017 https://www.healthdisgroup.us/articles/GJIDCR-3-111.php Background: Hepatitis and HIV are the most common co-infections in tuberculosis (TB) patients and may have an effect on the liver enzymes in these co-infected TB patients. 12 Oct, 2016 https://www.healthdisgroup.us/articles/GJIDCR-2-110.php Abstract Background: Concomitant infections with HBV, HCV, HIV and Malaria among VL patients are not uncommon, thus this study conducted to describe the prevalence of HBV, HCV, HIV and Malaria co-infection with VL among patients admitted to Gedarif teaching hospital in Eastern Sudan 19 Aug, 2016 https://www.healthdisgroup.us/Infectious-Diseases/GJIDCR-2-109.php Objective: Leishmaniasis is endemic in 88 countries with incidence rate of 1.5-2 million; the most common form of leishmaniasis is cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) with 1.5 million new cases per year. Correct diagnosis and characterization of the particular parasite is important for evaluating prognosis and prescribing appropriate treatment. The current management of leishmaniasis is drug treatment of patients, to alleviate disease and vector control to reduce its transmission. Also, current treatments for visceral leishmaniasis are unsatisfactory because of their toxicity, resistance and high cost. The purpose of the present study was to review the application of nano drugs in treatment of leishmaniasis. 25 Feb, 2016 https://www.healthdisgroup.us/Infectious-Diseases/GJIDCR-2-108.php Current literature indicates the close relationship between root resorptions and the role of clasts responsible for hard tissue destruction. The process is complex and involves mechanical factors and intense biological activity. Immunological interactions stimulate the recruitment and migration of clasts into a specific area, in order to destroy bone, cementum and dentin. Nevertheless, understanding the whole process will bring light to other questions concerning the role of the immunologic system in other parts of the human body. The aim of this review was to describe the development of the process, from mineralization to the destruction of hard tissues and the possible relationship between root resorption and cellular immune system. 20 Nov, 2015 https://www.healthdisgroup.us/Infectious-Diseases/GJIDCR-2-107.php Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the most important pathogens that cause nosocomial infections. However, microbiological culture techniques take a few days to yield results; therefore, a simple, cost-effective, and rapid detection system is required for screening for MRSA and related bacteria: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis (MRSE) carriers during the hospital admissions process. In this study, we described the simplified method using by one-time use and screen-printed carbon electrodes, relied upon current quantification of Hoechst dyes which bound with DNA amplified via polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeted for MRSA mecA gene. Amount of DNA-bound Hoechst molecules were measured by the hand-held potentiostat within two minutes. 04 Nov, 2015 https://www.healthdisgroup.us/Infectious-Diseases/GJIDCR-2-106.php Objective: This article presents a literature review which relates the processes, interactions, classification and the vascular and clinical characteristics of inflammation relating it with the oral cavity and describing the main cell types and chemical mediators used for its establishment. 28 Oct, 2015 https://www.healthdisgroup.us/Infectious-Diseases/GJIDCR-1-105.php ncreasing isolation of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (MDR) has been reported in worldwide and it is recently one of the most difficult nosocomial acquired gram-negative pathogens to control and treatment. These bacteria are one of ESBL producing that great potential have for the rapid development of antibiotic resistance. Use of medicinal herbaceous drugs recommended for treatment since ancient periods. Humans have been used and realize their beneficial effects. With the increase in population and urban growth, reduced use of synthetic drugs, many of these of medicinal herbs have been replaced. Because of Satureja, Origanum vulgare and Thyme essence has antimicrobial properties so can be used against infections caused by MDR Acinetobacter baumannii 21 Oct, 2015 https://www.healthdisgroup.us/Infectious-Diseases/GJIDCR-1-104.php Background: Pivmecillinam has good pharmacokinetic properties for treatment of infections in the urinary tract, and the mecillinam resistance rate in Enterobacteriaceae is very low. In a European guideline pivmecillinam is recommended as a first-line drug for treatment of lower urinary tract infections. In Danish and Norwegian guidelines pivmecillinam is also recommended for acute uncomplicated pyelonephritis, although with very sparse documentation of effect. 18 Aug, 2015 https://www.healthdisgroup.us/Infectious-Diseases/GJIDCR-1-103.php Introduction: In this study, our aim was to detect the prevalence and antibiotic resistance of Staphylococcus aureus, isolated from blood culture in Kafkas University Hospital, Kars, Turkey retrospectively and to present the first data from this university hospital. 10 Jul, 2015 https://www.healthdisgroup.us/Infectious-Diseases/GJIDCR-1-102.php Introduction: Quorum sensing (QS) in the word means a gathering or a fixed number of objectives and say the microbes sense of awareness of the presence of bacteria and their community is. Bacteria in social life, the greatest benefit from the competitive environment to get the genetic regulatory mechanisms they use. 10 Apr, 2015 https://www.healthdisgroup.us/Infectious-Diseases/GJIDCR-1-101.php Background: Hepatitis B (HBV) and hepatitis C (HCV)virus infection is a major concern among tuberculous (TB) patients, thus early screening of these viruses will influence the outcome of the disease.